STATUTES 

or 

COLUMBIA  COLLEGE 


REVISED  AND  PASSED 


BY  THE 

BOARD   OF  TRUSTEES, 

MAY,  1836. 


TO  WHICH  IS  PREFIXED 

9  AN    HISTORICAL  SKETCH 

OF  THE 

COLLEGE. 


NEW  YORK : 

PRINTED   FOR  COLUMBIA  COLLEGE, 
By  R.  Craighead,  112  Fulton  street. 


CONTENTS. 


Page 

Historical  Sketch  of  Columbia  College   5 


Of  the  President. 


CHAPTER  I. 


CHAPTER  II. 

Of  the  Faculty  of  Arts   12 

CHAPTER  III. 

Of  the  Board  of  the  College   13 

CHAPTER  IV. 

Of  the  Courses  of  Study   15 

CHAPTER  V. 

Of  Admission   19 

CHAPTER  VI. 

Of  Attendance   21 

CHAPTER  VII. 

Of  the  Behavior  of  the  Students   21 

CHAPTER  VIII. 

Of  Crimes  and  Punishments   22 

CHAPTER  IX. 

Of  the  Mode  of  Punishment   23 

CHAPTER  X. 

Of  Examinations   24 

CHAPTER  XI. 

Of  Testimonials  and  Medals   25 

CHAPTER  XII. 

Of  Commencements   27 

CHAPTER  XIII. 

Of  Vacations   28 

CHAPTER  XIV., 

Of  Public  Lectures   29 

CHAPTER  XV. 

Of  Free  Scholarships     29 

CHAPTER  XVI. 

Of  Foundations   30 

Extract  from  the  second  Report  of  a  Committee  appointed  to  inquire  into 
the  state  of  Columbia  College   31 


TRUSTEES  OF  COLUMBIA  COLLEGE. 

CLEMENT  C.  MOORE,  LL.  D. 
DAVID  B.  OGDEN, 
WILLIAM  JOHNSON,  LL.  D. 
EDWARD  W.  LA1GHT, 
BEVERLEY  ROBINSON, 
THOMAS  L.  OGDEN, 
DAVID  S.  JONES, 

PETER  A.  JAY,  LL.  D.  Chairman  of  the  Board. 

The  Right  Rev.  BENJAMIN  T.  ONDERDONK,  D.  D. 

PHILIP  HONE, 

The  Rev.  GARDINER  SPRING,  D.  D. 

JAMES  CAMPBELL, 

JOHN  L.  LAWRENCE, 

WILLIAM  A.  DUER,  LL.  D. 

The  Rev.  WILLIAM  BERR1AN,  D.  D. 

OGDEN  HOFFMAN, 

SAMUEL  B.  RUGGLES, 

The  Rev.  JOHN  KNOX,  D.  D. 

THOMAS  L.  WELLS, 

The  Rev.  WILLIAM  R.  WILLIAMS,  D.  D. 

WILLIAM  H.  HARISON, 

JOHN  B.  BECK,  M.  D. 

HAMILTON  FISH, 

WILLIAM  BARD. 


FACULTY  OF   COLUMBIA  COLLEGE. 

WILLIAM  A.  DUER,  LL.  D.  President. 

The  Rev.  JOHN  M'VICKAR,  D.  D.  Professor  of  Intellectual  and  Moral  Philosophy,  of  Po- 
litical Economy,  and  of  Rhetoric,  and  the  Belles  Lettres. 

CHARLES  ANTHON,  LL.  D.  Jay- Professor  of  the  Greek  and  Latin  Languages  and  Lite- 
rature, and  Rector  of  the  Grammar  School. 

JAMES  RENWICK,  LL.  D.  Professor  of  Natural  and  Experimental  Philosophy  and 
Chemistry. 

HENRY  J.  ANDERSON,  M.  D.  Professor  of  Mathematics  and  Astronomy. 

The  above  form  the  Board  of  the  College. 
JAMES  KENT,  LL.  D.  Professor  of  Law. 

MARIANO  VELASQUEZ  DE  CADENA,  LL.  B.  Professor  of  the  Spanish  Language  and 
Literature. 

The  Rev.  SAMUEL  H.  TURNER,  D.D.  Professor  of  the  Hebrew  Language. 

ROBERT  G.  VERMEL  YE,  A.  M.  Adjunct-Professor  of  the  Greek  and  Latin  Languages, 

and  Secretary  to  the  Board  of  the  College. 
FELIX  FORRESTI,  LL.  B.  Professor  of  the  Italian  Language  and  Literature. 
FELIX  BERTEAU,  LL.  B.  Professor  of  the  French  Language  and  Literature. 
GEORGE  C.  SHAEFFER,  Instructor  in  Drawing  and  Chemical  Manipulation,  and  Librarian. 


HISTORICAL  SKETCH 

OF 

COLUMBIA  COLLEGE. 


The  establishment  of  a  College  in  the  City  of  New  York  was  many  years 
in  agitation  before  the  design  was  carried  into  effect.  At  length,  in  the  be- 
ginning of  the  year  1753,  an  act  of  Assembly  was  passed,  appointing  Mr. 
James  De  Lancey,  who  was  then  Lieutenant  Governor  of  the  Province  and 
Commander-in-chief,  together  with  other  gentlemen  of  the  different  religious 
denominations,  Trustees  of  the  proposed  Institution.  Provision  was  also 
made,  by  the  same  act,  for  a  fund  to  be  raised  by  a  succession  of  lotteries. 

In  the  year  1751,  the  Trustees  above  mentioned  chose  Dr.  Samuel  Johnson, 
of  Connecticut,  to  be  President  of  the  intended  College;  who.  in  July  of  the 
same  yearfcommenced  the  instruction  of  a  class  of  Students  in  the  vestry  room 
of  Trinity  Church.  On  the  31st  of  October,  in  the  same  year,  the  royal  char- 
ter was  passed ;  from  which  period,  the  existence  of  the  College  is  properly  to 
be  dated.  The  Governors  of  the  College,  named  in  the  charter,  are  the  Arch- 
bishop of  Canterbury,  and  the  first  Lord  Commissioner  for  trade  and 
plantations,  both  empowered  to  act  by  proxies ;  the  Lieutenant  Governor 
of  the  Province,  and  several  other  public  officers  ;  together  with  the  Rector  of 
Trinity  Church,  the  senior  Minister  ef  the  Reformed  Protestant  Dutch 
Church,  the  Ministers  of  the  German  Lutheran  Church,  of  the  French  Church, 
and  of  the  Presbyterian  Congregation  and  the  President  of  the  College,  all 
ex  officio,  and  twenty-four  of  the  principal  gentlemen  of  the  City.  The  Col- 
lege was  to  be  known  by  the  name  of  King's  College.  Previously  to  the 
passing  of  the  charter,  a  parcel  of  ground  to  the  westward  of  Broadway,  on 
which  the  College  now  stands,  had  been  destined  by  the  Vestry  of  Trinity 
Church  as  a  site  for  the  College  edifice  ;  and,  accordingly,  after  the  charter 
was  granted,  a  grant  of  the  land  was  made,  on  the  13th  of  May,  1755. 

The  sources  whence  the  funds  of  the  Institution  were  derived,  besides  the 
proceeds  of  the  lotteries  above  mentioned,  were  the  voluntary  contributions  of 
private  individuals  in  this  country,  and  sums  obtained  by  agents  who  were 
subsequently  sent  to  England  and  France.  In  May,  1760,  the  College  buildings 


6 


began  to  be  occupied.  In  March,  1763,  Dr.  Johnson  resigned  his  office  of 
President,  and  the  Rev.  Dr.  Myles  Cooper,  of  Oxford,  who  had  previously- 
been  appointed  professor  of  Moral  Philosophy,  and  assistant  to  the  President, 
was  elected  in  his  place.  In  1767,  a  grant  of  land  was  obtained,  under  the  go- 
vernment of  Sir  Henry  Moore,  of  24,000  acres,  situated  in  the  northern  parts  of 
the  Province  of  New-York;  but,  upon  the  erection  of  Vermont  into  a  separate 
state,  this  tract  fell  within  the  boundaries  of  that  territory,  and  was  lost  to 
New  York  and  to  the  College. 

In  August,  of  the  year  1767,  a  medical  school  was  established  in  the  College. 

The  following  account  of  the  Institution,  supposed  to  be  written  by  Dr. 
Cooper,  shows  its  condition  previously  to  the  war  of  the  revolution: 

"  Since  the  passing  of  the  charter,  the  Institution  hath  received  great  emolu- 
"  ment  by  grants  from  his  most  gracious  majesty  King  George  the  Third,  and 
"  by  liberal  contributions  from  many  of  the  nobility  and  gentry  in  the  parent 
"  country  ;  from  the  society  for  the  propagation  of  the  gospel  in  foreign  parts, 
"  and  from  several  public  spirited  gentlemen  in  America  and  elsewhere.  By 
"means  of  these  and  other  benefactions,  the  Governors  of  the  College  have 
"been  enabled  to  extend  their  plan  of  education  almost  as  diffusely  as  any 
"  College  in  Europe  ;  herein  being  taugH,  by  proper  Masters  and  Professors, 
"  who  are  chosen  by  the  Governors  and  President,  Divinity,  Natural  Law, 
"  Physic,  Logic,  Ethics,  Metaphysics,  Mathematics,  Natural  Philosophy, 
"  Astronomy,  Geography,  History,  Chronology,  Rhetoric,  Hebrew,  Greek, 
"  Latin,  Modern  Languages,  the  Belles  Lettres,  and  whatever  else  of  litera- 
"  ture  may  tend  to  accomplish  the  pupils  as  scholars  and  gentlemen. 

"  To  the  College  is  also  annexed  a  grammar  school,  for  the  due  preparation 
"  of  those  who  propose  to  complete  their  education  with  the  arts  and  sciences. 

"  All  students  but  those  in  Medicine,  are  obliged  to  lodge  and  diet  in  the 
"  College,  unless  they  are  particularly  exempted  by  the  Governors  or  President; 
"  and  the  edifice  is  surrounded  by  an  high  fence,  which  also  encloses  a  large 
"  court  and  garden,  and  a  porter  constantly  attends  at  the  front  gate,  which  is 
"closed  at  ten  o'olock  each  evening  in  summer,  and  nine  in  winter;  after 
u  which  hours,  the  names  of  all  that  come  in,  are  delivered  weekly  to  the 
u  President. 

"  The  College  is  situated  on  a  dry  gravelly  soil,  about  150  yards  from  the 
"  bank  of  Hudson  River,  which  it  overlooks  ;  commanding  from  the  eminence 
"  on  which  stands,  a  most  extensive  and  beautiful  prospect  of  the  opposite 
"  shore  and  country  of  New  Jersey,  the  City  and  Island  of  New  York,  Long 
"  Island,  Staten  Island,  New  York  Bay  with  its  Islands,  the  Narrows,  form- 
"  ingthe  mouth  of  the  harbor,  &c.  &c. ;  and  being  totally  unencumbered  by  any 
"  adjacent  buildings,  and  admitting  the  purest  circulation  of  air  from  the  river, 
"  and  every  other  quarter ;  has  the  benefit  of  as  agreeable  and  healthy  a 
"  situation  as  can  posibly  be  conceived. 

"  Visitations  by  the  Governors  are  quarterly  ;  at  which  times,  premiums  of 
tl  books,  silver  medals,  &c.  are  adjudged  to  the  most  deserving. 


7 


"  This  Seminary  hath  already  produced  a  number  of  gentlemen,  who  do 
"  great  honour  to  their  professions,  the  place  of  their  education,  and  themselves, 
"in  Divinity,  Law,  Medicine,  &c.  &c,  in  this  and  various  other  colonies, 
f{  both  on  the  American  continent  and  West  India  Islands  ;  and  the  College 
"is  annually  increasing  as  well  in  Students  as  reputation. 

In  consequence  of  the  dispute  between  this  and  the  parent  country,  Dr. 
Cooper  returned  to  England,  and  the  Rev.  Benjamin  Moore  was  appointed 
Prases  pro  tempore,  during  the  absence  of  Dr.  Cooper;  who,  however,  did 
not  return. 

On  the  breaking  out  of  the  revolutionary  war,  the  business  of  the  College 
was  almost  entirely  broken  up,  and  it  was  not  until  after  the  return  of  peace, 
that  its  affairs  were  again  regularly  attended  to. 

In  May,  1784.  all  the  Seminaries  of  learning  in  the  State  of  New  York 
were,  by  an  act  of  the  Legislature  placed  under  the  authority  of  Regents,  who 
were  styled  Regents  of  the  University.  These  Regents  immediately  set  about 
the  regulation  of  the  College,  the  name  of  which  was  now  changed  to  Colum- 
bia College.  New  Professors  were  appointed  ;  a  grammar  school  and  a  medi- 
cal department  were  established. 

The  College  continued  under  the  immediate  superintendence  of  the  Re- 
gents until  April,  1787  ;  when  the  original  charter,  with  necessary  alterations, 
was  confirmed,  and  the  College  placed  under  twenty-nine  Trustees,  who 
were  to  exercise  their  functions  until  their  number  should  be  reduced,  by  death , 
resignation,  or  removal  from  the  State,  to  twenty-four  ;  after  which,  all  va- 
cancies in  tjjieir  Board  were  to  be  filled  by  their  own  choice. 

In  May,  1787,  Dr.  Wm.  Samuel  Johnson,  son  of  the  first  President,  was 
elected  President  of  Columbia  College.  During  the  previous  vacancy  of  the 
presidential  chair,  the  Professors  had  presided  in  turn  ;  and  certificates  were 
given  to  graduates,  in  place  of  regular  diplomas. 

In  the  beginning  of  the  year  1792,  the  Medical  school  was  placed  upon  a 
more  respectable  and  efficient  footing  than  before. 

Dr  Johnson  resigned  the  office  of  President  in  July,  1800,  and  was  succeed- 
ed, the  year  following,  by  the  Rev.  Dr.  Wharton,  who  resigned  his  office  at 
the  end  of  about  seven  months. 

Bishop  Moore  succeeded  Dr.  Wharton  as  President.  His  ecclesiastical  du- 
ties were  such,  that  he  was  not  expected  to  take  an  active  part  in  the  business 
of  the  College,  except  on  particular  occasions.  The  chief  management  of  its 
concerns  devolved  upon  the  Professors. 

In  1809,  the  requisites  for  entrance  into  College,  to  take  effect  the  following 
year,  were  very  much  raised,  and  a  new  course  of  study  and  system  of 
discipline  were  established. 

Anew  amended  charter  was  obtained  from  the  Legislature  in  1810;  by 
which  the  power  of  the  College  to  lease  its  real  estate  for  21  years  was  extend- 
ed to  63  years. 


8 


Bishop  Moore  resigned  his  office  of  President  in  May  1811,  in  order  to 
make  room  for  some  person  who  might  devote  his  whole  time  and  attention  to 
the  College  ;  and,  in  June  following,  a  new  office,  styled  that  of  Provost,  was 
created.  The  Provost  was  to  supply  the  place  of  the  President  in  his  absence, 
and  was  to  conduct  the  classical  studies  of  the  senior  class.  Shortly  after  this 
new  arrangement,  the  Rev.  Wm.  Harris,  and  the  Rev.  John  M.  Mason,  were 
elected  President  and  Provost. 

In  consequence  of  the  establishment  of  the  College  of  Physicians  and  sur- 
geons in  New  York,  the  medical  school  of  Columbia  College  was  in  Novem- 
ber, 1813,  discontinued. 

The  Provost  resigned  his  office  in  1816  ;  since  which  time,  the  College  has 
been  under  the  sole  superintendence  of  a  President. 

In  September  of  1817,  steps  were  taken  by  the  Trustees  for  a  thorough  re- 
pair of  the  old  edifice,  which  was  in  a  very  decayed  state,  and  for  the  erec- 
tion of  additional  buildings.  Before  the  end  of  the  year  1820,  the  proposed 
alterations  and  additions  were  completed. 

At  the  close  of  the  year  1827,  the  Trustees  resolved  upon  the  establishment 
of  a  grammar  school,  under  the  superintendence  of  the  Faculty  of  the  College. 
Which  resolution  was  carried  into  effect  early  in  the  following  year ;  and,  in 
1829,  a  building  was  erected  upon  the  College  ground  for  the  accommodation 
of  scholars. 

In  October,  of  the  year  1829,  Dr.  Harris,  the  President  of  the  College,  died  ; 
and,  on  the  9th  of  December  following,  Wm.  A.  Duer,  LL.  D.  was  elected  in 
his  room,  and  still  continues  to  preside  over  the  Institution 

With  a  view  of  rendering  the  benefits  of  education  more  generally  accessi- 
ble to  the  community,  the  system  of  instruction,  at  the  commencement  of  the 
year  1830,  underwent  very  extensive  additions  and  modifications,  and  the 
time  of  daily  attendance  upon  the  Professors  was  materially  increased.  The 
course  of  study  in  existence  at  the  time  of  making  these  additions,  was  kept 
entire,  and  was  denominated  the  full  course. 

Another  course  of  instruction  was  established,  denominated  the  scientific 
and  literary  course  ;  which  latter  was  open  to  others  beside  matriculated  Stu- 
dents, and  to  such  extent  as  they  might  think  proper  to  attend. 

In  May,  1833,  the  Jiw/-Professor  of  Languages  was  appointed  Rector  of  the 
Grammar  School,  and  an  arrangement,  which  still  continues,  made  with  him, 
by  which  he  agreed  to  pay  a  rent  to  the  College  for  the  building,  and  take  the 
school  upon  his  own  responsibility. 

At  the  late  revision  of  the  Statutes,  several  new  provisions  have  been  intro- 
duced, by  which  both  courses  of  study  pursued  in  the  College,  have  been  further 
enlarged  ;  and  the  Literary  and  Scientific  course,  in  particular  defined  and 
materially  extended,  with  the  view  of  rendering  it  a  complete  system  of 
Instruction  for  young  men,  designed  for  civil  or  military  engineers,  architects, 
superintendents  of  manufactories  of  all  kinds,  or  for  mercantile  or  nautical 


9 


pursuits.  And  in  order  that  this  course,  as  well  as  the  scientific  branches  of 
the  Full  course,  may  be  conducted  in  the  most  perfect  and  efficient  manner, 
the  Trustees  have  recently  appropriated  the  sum  of  ten  thousand  dollars  for 
the  purchase  of  additional  apparatus  in  the  departments  of  Natural  and  Ex- 
perimental Philosophy,  Chemistry,  and  its  application  to  the  Arts,  and  of 
Mathematics  and  Astronomy,  as  well  as  for  adding  to  the  Library  the  requi- 
site Books  of  reference  and  illustration  in  all  the  subjects  of  Study  pursued  in 
the  College. 

The  appearance  of  the  College  buildings  and  grounds  speaks  for  itself.  But 
those  who  are  acquainted  with  the  interior  of  the  Institution,  know  that  its 
means  of  Instruction  in  all  the  higher  branches  of  learning,  do  not  fall  short  of 
what  might  be  expected  from  the  respectability  of  its  exterior.  Among  the 
external  improvements,  made  within  the  last  few  years,  the  alterations  in 
Chapel-street  should  not  be  passed  over.  In  1830,  the  range  of  lots  on  that 
street,  adjoining  the  College  Green,  was  re-occupied  by  the  Trustees,  and  the 
greater  part  of  each  of  them  enclosed  within  the  Green,  while  the  remaining 
portions  were  thrown  open  to  the  street  —  the  name  of  which  was  changed  to 
College  Place. 


* 


2 


STATUTES 

OP 

COLUMBIA  COLLEGE 


CHAPTER  I. 

OF  THE  PRESIDENT. 

1.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  President  to  take  charge 
of  the  College  generally ;  to  superintend  the  buildings  of 
the  College,  the  grounds  adjacent  thereto,  and  its  movable 
property ; 

2.  To  report  to  the  Trustees,  as  occasion  shall  require, 
concerning  the  state  of  the  College,  and  the  measures 
which  may  be  necessary  for  its  future  prosperity. 

3.  He  shall  have  power  to  visit  the  classes,  and  any  of 
the  College  departments,  and  to  give  such  directions,  and 
perform  such  acts,  generally,  as  shall,  in  his  judgment,  pro- 
mote the  interest  of  the  Institution,  so  that  they  do  not  con- 
travene the  Charter,  the  Statutes,  nor  the  decisions  of  the 
Board  of  the  College. 

4.  It  shall  be  his  duty  to  see  that  the  course  of  instruc- 
tion and  discipline  prescribed  by  the  Statutes  be  faithfully 
executed,  and  to  rectify  all  deviations  from  the  same. 

5.  He  shall  have  power  to  grant  leave  of  absence  from 
the  College,  for  a  reasonable  cause,  and  for  such  length  of 
time  as  he  shall  judge  the  occasion  may  require; 


12 


6.  He  shall  preside  at  commencements,  and  at  all  meet- 
ings of  the  Board  of  the  College ;  and  shall  sign  all  di- 
plomas for  degrees  duly  conferred. 

7.  The  devotional,  and  other  duties  of  the  Chapel,  shall 
be  performed  by  the  President ;  but  in  case  of  his  absence, 
they  shall  be  performed  by  such  Professor  as  he  may  ap- 
point. The  Senior  Professor  shall  have,  in  the  absence  of 
the  President,  the  same  authority  to  command  obedience, 
and  to  enforce  the  discipline  of  the  Institution,  as  the  Presi- 
dent, when  present,  possesses. 


CHAPTER  II. 

OF  THE  FACULTY  OF  ARTS. 

1.  The  President  and  Professors  of  the  Institution  shall 
constitute  the  Faculty  of  Arts. 

2.  The  Professors  shall  take  precedence  according  to 
the  dates  of  their  appointments. 

3.  The  Students  shall  be  habituated,  so  far  as  it  shall  be 
practicable,  to  study  subjects  rather  than  whole  books  ;  and 
the  Professors  shall  direct  them  to  the  best  helps  ;  keeping 
in  view  the  principles  of  the  Report  presented  to  the  Trus- 
tees of  the  College  on  the  28th  day  of  February,  1810,  and 
which  are  contained  in  the  Extract  annexed  to  these  Statutes. 

4.  The  Professors  shall  be  engaged  in  the  instruction  of 
the  classes  five  days  in  the  week.  The  hours  of  instruction 
shall  commence  immediately  after  the  morning  exercises 
in  the  Chapel,  and  as  many  of  the  several  classes  shall  at- 
tend the  Professors  and  Instructors  four  hours  daily  in  each 
week,  as  the  courses  of  study  will  admit,  and  in  such  order 
and  number  as  to  distribute  the  hours  of  instruction  as 
equally  as  may  be  among  the  several  Professors  and  In- 
structors. 


13 


CHAPTER  m. 

OF  THE  BOARD  OF  THE  COLLEGE. 

1.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  Professors  to  assist  the 
President  with  their  information,  counsel,  and  co-operation ; 
and  that  their  assistance  may  be  the  more  effectual,  they 
shall  be  associated  with  the  President  in  a  body,  to  be 
called  the  Board  of  the  College. 

2.  The  Board  shall  have  power, 

To  try  offences  committed  by  the  Students ; 

To  determine  their  relative  standing ; 

To  adjudge  rewards  and  punishments  ;  and, 

To  make  all  such  regulations  for  the  better  execution  of 
the  College  system  as  shall  not  contravene  the  Charter  of 
the  College,  nor  these  statutes,  nor  any  order  of  the 
Trustees. 

3.  The  votes  by  the  other  members  of  the  Board  shall 
not  makf  a  decision  without  the  concurrence  of  the  Pre- 
sident. 

4.  The  Board  shall  keep  a  record  of  their  proceedings. 

5.  In  case  of  the  absence  of  the  President,  the  Senior 
Professor  present  shall  preside  at  the  meeting  of  the  Board  ; 
and  all  acts  of  the  Board  thus  constituted,  shall  be  valid 
when  approved  by  the  President. 

6.  The  Board  shall  meet,  statedly,  on  every  Saturday, 
for  the  purpose  of  administering  the  general  discipline  of 
the  College.  At  this  stated  meeting,  the  Professors  shall 
report  concerning  the  conduct  and  proficiency  of  the  mem- 
bers of  the  respective  classes ;  noting  particularly  those 
who  have  been  delinquent  in  their  behavior  or  attendance ; 
or  deficient  or  negligent  in  their  recitation.  And  in  addi- 
tion to  such  admonitions  and  punishments  as  the  Board 
may  prescribe  or  direct,  the  names  of  the  Students  so  de- 


14 


linquent,  deficient,  or  negligent,  may  be  inserted  in  the 
book  entitled  Boole  of  Discipline.  In  the  same  book  may, 
also,  be  inserted,  with  honor,  the  names  of  those  Students 
who  distinguish  themselves  for  their  good  behavior  and 
proficiency  in  their  studies.  At  the  public  examinations, 
the  relative  merits  of  the  respective  classes,  and  the  stand- 
ing of  the  members  thereof,  shall  be  entered  in  the  same 
book. 

7.  In  the  Record  of  their  proceedings  kept  by  the  Board, 
shall  be  noted,  at  every  meeting,  the  names  of  the  mem- 
bers who  attend,  and  the  names  of  those  who  are  absent. 
This  Record  of  the  proceedings  of  the  Board,  and  the 
Booh  of  Discipline,  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  Tresident  to 
cause  to  be  laid  before  the  Trustees,  at  their  stated  meet- 
ings. 

8.  The  Board  shall  assemble  the  classes  every  morning, 
except  Sunday,  at  nine  o'clock,  for  the  purpose  of  attending 
prayers ;  after  which,  on  Saturday,  six  Students,  at  least, 
of  the  senior  class,  in  rotation,  shall  pronounce  declama- 
tions ;  at  which  not  only  the  Trustees,  but  any  other  per- 
sons whom  the  President  may  think  proper  to  admit,  may 
be  present ;  and,  on  the  other  days  of  the  week,  one  Stu- 
dent, at  least,  from  each  of  the  other  classes,  shall,  in  like 
manner,  pronounce  declamations. 

9.  The  officers  of  the  College  who  have  the  charge  of 
its  course  of  instruction  and  discipline,  shall  not  be  engaged 
in  any  professional  pursuits  from  which  they  derive  emolu- 
ment, and  which  are  not  connected  with  the  College. 


15 


CHAPTER  IV. 

OF  THE  COURSES  OF  STUDY. 

1.  There  shall  be  two  courses  of  study  ;  one  of  which 
shall  be  distinguished  as  the  Full  Course;  the  successful 
completion  of  which  shall  entitle  the  student,  upon  the  re- 
commendation of  the  Board  of  the  College,  to  the  degree 
of  Bachelor  of  Arts  :  the  other  shall  be  denominated  the 
Literary  and  Scientific  Course ;  entitling  the  student,  upon 
its  successful  completion  and  on  the  like  recommendation, 
to  a  Testimonial  in  the  English  language,  under  the  seal  of 
the  College,  and  the  signatures  of  the  President  and  of  the 
Professors  and  Instructors  conducting  such  course. 

2.  The  course  of  study  in  the  several  classes  of  the  Full 
Course  shall  be  as  follows,  viz  : 

# 

First  Year — Freshman  Class. 

Horace's  Odes  and  Epodes — Cicero  de  Senectute,  and 
de  Amicitia — Livy  —  Tacitus  —  Latin  Prose  Composition 
—  Dalzeli's  Collectanea  Grceca  Majora — Homer's  Iliad  — 
Greek  and  Roman  Antiquities  —  Ancient  Geography. 

Algebra — Theory  of  Equations  of  the  higher  degrees  — 
Solutions  of  Practical  Problems  —  Progressions  —  Loga- 
rithms—  Series  —  Interest  and  Annuities  —  Elements  of 
Plane  Geometry  —  Geometry  of  Straight  Lines  and  Tri- 
angles —  Theory  of  Parallels  —  Doctrine  of  the  Circle  — 
Measure  of  Angles  —  Geometry  of  Polygons. 

English  Grammar,  studied  critically,  on  the  principles 
of  universal  grammar  —  English  Composition  —  Outlines 
of  Ancient  History  with  Chronology. 


16 


Second  Year  —  Sophomore  Class, 

Plautus  —  Cicero's  Letters  to  Atticus  —  Horace's  Sa- 
tires—  Virgil's  Georgics  —  Ovid's  Fasti  —  Latin  Compo- 
sition, in  prose  and  verse  —  Herodotus  —  Thucydides  — 
Euripides  —  Aristophanes — Ancient  Geography  reviewed. 

Geometry  of  Similar  Figures — Analytical  Plane  Ge- 
ometry—  Analytical  Plane  Trigonometry — Applications 
— Mensuration  of  Heights  and  Distances  —  Surveying  — 
Solid  Geometry  —  Doctrine  of  the  Sphere — Analytical 
Solid  Geometry  —  Analytical  Spherical  Trigonometry  — 
Projections  —  Descriptive  Geometry — Linear  Drawing — 
Levelling  —  Navigation. 

Elementary  Chemistry  —  Heat  —  Electricity — Galvan- 
ism  —  Magnetism  —  Optics — Relations  of  Heat,  Electri- 
city, Magnetism  and  Light. 

Elements  of  Rhetoric  and  Oratory  —  English  Compo- 
sitions, to  be  read  in  the  Lecture-room,  and  criticised  by 
the  Professor  in  the  presence  of  the  class  —  Outlines  of 
Modern  History,  with  enlargements  and  explanations,  and 
weekly  analysis  required  from  each  student. 

Third  Year  —  Junior  Class. 

Cicero  de  Officiis,  and  de  Oratore — Horace's  Epistles 
and  Art  of  Poetry — Terence  —  Latin  Composition,  in 
prose  and  verse  —  Course  of  Lectures  on  Roman  Litera- 
ture, with  weekly  examinations.  —  iEschylus  —  Longinus 
—  Greek  Orators —  Greek  Prose  Composition. 

Practical  Astronomy  —  Use  of  Instruments  —  Laws  of 
the  Planetary  Motions  —  Theory  of  the  Tides — Nautical 
Astronomy  —  General  View  of  the  Solar  and  Stellar  Sys- 
tems—  Outlines  of  the  Theory  of  Universal  Gravitation. 

Chemistry  applied  to  the  Arts — Mineralogy — Geology. 


17 


Principles  of  Taste  and  Criticism,  theoretically  examined 
and  practically  applied,  conducted  by  Lectures  and  Reci- 
tations, with  references  to  books — A  course  of  Lectures 
on  English  Literature,  and  the  Modern  Literature  of  Eu- 
rope  generally,  with  references  to  authorities,  and  written 
analyses  required  weekly  —  English  Composition,  as  in 
the  Sophomore  Year. 

Fourth  Year  — Senior  Class. 

Philosophical  Works  of  Cicero  —  Quintilian — Lucre- 
tius—  Latin  Composition,  in  prose  and  verse — Plato  — 
Sophocles  —  Pindar- — Greek  Composition,  in  prose  and 
verse  —  A  course  of  Lectures  on  Greek  Literature,  with 
weekly  examinations. 

Differential  and  Integral  Calculus  —  Calculus  of  Vari- 
ations —  Applications  to  Geometry,  Mechanics,  and  Phy- 
sical Astronomy. 

Ratiorfal  and  Practical  Mechanics — Principles  of  Civil 
and  Military  Architecture,  and  Civil  Engineering,  illustrated 
by  drawings  and  models. 

History  of  Philosophy — Principles  of  Moral  and  Intel- 
lectual Philosophy,  including  Logic  —  Political  Economy 
—  Evidences  of  Natural  and  Revealed  Religion ;  the  several 
courses  conducted  by  Lecture  with  references  to  authori- 
ties, and  the  notes  and  analyses  of  the  Students  examined 
weekly — English  Compositions,  as  in  the  Junior  and  So- 
phomore Years. 

A  course  of  lectures  on  the  Constitutional  Jurisprudence 
of  the  United  States  —  Outlines  of  International  Law. 

N.  B.  In  the  classical  department,  it  is  to  be  understood 
that  the  whole,  or  such  parts  of  the  book,  or  author,  are 
to  be  read,  as  the  Professor,  with  the  consent  of  the  Presi- 
dent, shall  direct.    Declamations  and  Forensic  Disputa- 


18 


tions  to  be  continued  through  the  Sophomore,  Junior,  and 
Senior  Years,  at  stated  periods,  and  upon  subjects  con- 
nected with  the  respective  courses. 

3.  The  course  of  study  in  the  Literary  and  Scientific 
Course,  shall  occupy  three  years,  and  be  divided  among 
the  several  classes  as  follows,  viz. : 

First  Year — Third  Class. 

The  French  Language  pursued  in  reference  to  the  sub- 
jects of  the  other  branches  of  this  course,  and  to  modern 
history  ^  the  books  to  be  selected  at  the  discretion  of  the 
Professor.  The  same  mathematical  studies  as  are  pre- 
scribed for  the  Freshman  Class. 

Elementary  Chemistry  and  Physics,  as  prescribed  for 
the  Sophomore  Class  —  Manipulation  in  Elementary  Che- 
mistry—  Preparation  and  Examination  of  Chemical  Sub- 
stances. 

Elements  of  Perspective  and  Drawing,  with  the  use  of 
Water  Colors  —  Construction  of  Geometrical  Problems. 

Outlines  of  Ancient  History,  with  Chronology  —  English 
Composition. 

Second  Year  —  Second  Class. 

History  of  the  Literature  of  Modern  Europe  —  English 
Compositions,  as  in  the  full  course. 

The  Mathematical  Studies  prescribed  for  the  Sophomore 
Class — Chemistry  applied  to  the  Arts  —  Mineralogy  and 
Geology,  as  prescribed  for  the  Junior  Class. 

Experimental  course  of  manipulation  in  Chemical  Arts 
—  Examination  and  assay  of  earthy  Minerals  as  used  in 
the  Arts,  of  Ores  and  Metals  —  Topographical  Drawing 
of  Edifices  and  apparatus  used  in  the  Chemical  Arts,  and 


19 


the  applications  of  Physics,  or  the  principles  and  practice 
of  Book-keeping  by  single  and  double  entry,  according  to 
the  intended  profession  of  the  Student  —  Drawing  in  De- 
scriptive Geometry. 

Third  Year — First  Class. 

Constitutional  Jurisprudence  of  the  United  States  — 
Outlines  of  International  Law  —  Principles  of  Moral  Phi- 
losophy—  Evidences  of  Natural  and  Revealed  Religion  — 
Political  Economy. 

Theoretic  and  Practical  Mechanics,  as  prescribed  for  the 
Senior  Class  —  Manipulations  in  Practical  Mechanics  — 
Drawing  in  Civil  Architecture,  of  Machines  and  Instru- 
ments used  in  the  Mechanic  Arts ;  of  the  Structures  used 
in  Inland  Navigation ;  of  the  Carriages  and  Engines  em- 
ployed on  Rail-roads,  or  in  Naval  Architecture,  according 
to  the  intended  profession  of  the  Student, 
f 


CHAPTER  V. 

OF  ADMISSION. 

1.  No  Student  shall  be  admitted  into  the  Freshman  class, 
unless  he  be  accurately  acquainted  with  the  grammar  of 
both  the  Greek  and  Latin  tongues,  including  such  rules  of 
prosody  as  may  be  applicable  to  such  of  the  Poets  as  he  is 
to  be  examined  upon ;  be  master  of  Caesar's  Commentaries, 
except  the  last  book ;  of  the  Orations  of  Cicero  against 
Catiline,  the  Oration  for  the  Poet  Archias,  and  the  Oration 
for  Marcus  Marcellus ;  of  the  first  eight  books  of  Virgil's 
xEneid  ;  of  Sallust ;  of  the  Gospel  according  to  St.  Luke 
and  St.  John,  and  the  Acts  of  the  Apostles ;  of  Jacobs's 


20 


Greek  Reader ;  of  the  first  three  books  of  Xenophon' s  Cy- 
ropaedia,  and  the  first  three  books  of  Homer's  Iliad.  He 
shall  also  be  able  to  translate  English  into  grammatical 
Latin  ;  and  shall  be  well  versed  in  the  first  four  rules  of 
Arithmetic  ;  the  rule  of  three  direct  and  inverse  ;  vulgar 
and  decimal  fractions,  and  the  extraction  of  the  square 
root  with  Algebra,  as  far  as  the  end  of  simple  equations ; 
including  an  accurate  acquaintance  with  the  use  of  Alge- 
braic fractions  and  fractional  and  negative  exponents;  and 
with  modern  Geography. 

2.  No  Student  shall  be  admitted  into  the  lowest  class  of 
the  literary  and  scientific  course,  without  a  grammatical 
knowledge  of  the  French  language,  to  be  manifested  by 
translations  from  Voltaire's  Hisloire  de  Charles  XIL,  or 
Bossuet's  Discoui's  sur  VHistoire  Universelle,  and  by  his 
ability  to  write  the  exercises  in  Levizac's  Grammar ;  nor 
without  the  mathematical  and  geographical  knowledge 
required  for  admission  into  the  Freshman  class. 

3.  The  Students  admitted  shall  be  arranged  alpha- 
betically, until  the  next  intermediate  examination,  after 
which  they  shall  be  seated  with  reference  to  their  respec- 
tive merits,  in  the  manner  hereafter  designated. 

4.  Every  Candidate  admitted  into  the  Freshman  class, 
or  into  the  third  class  of  the  literary  and  scientific  course, 
and  every  Student,  at  the  commencement  of  the  academical 
year,  shall  write,  in  the  Matriculation  Book  of  the  College, 
his  own  name,  and  the  name  and  place  of  abode  of  his 
Father  or  Guardian  ;  by  which  signature  he  shall  be  bound 
to  the  duties,  and  entitled  to  the  privileges  of  a  regular 
Student. 

5.  None  but  matriculated  Students  shall  be  allowed  to 
attend  the  classes  upon  any  pretence  whatsoever,  without 
the  special  permission  of  the  Board  of  Trustees. 


21 


6.  No  Student  shall  be  admitted  into  an  upper  class 
without  being  master  of  the  previous  part  of  the  course. 

7.  No  Student  shall  be  admitted  from  any  other  College 
without  being  duly  qualified,  nor  without  a  certificate 
from  such  College  of  his  good  standing. 


CHAPTER  VI. 

OF  ATTENDANCE. 

1.  Every  Professor  shall  cause  an  exact  roll  to  be  kept 
of  each  class  attending  upon  his  instruction. 

2.  The  roll  shall  be  punctually  called  over  at  the 
hour  of  attendance,  and  all  absentees  marked.  Such 
Students,  also,  as  come  into  the  class  late,  shall  be 
marked. 

3.  The  Students  of  the  two  courses,  attending  the  same 
Professor  or  Instructor  at  the  same  time,  shall  be  arranged 
in  a  common  alphabetical  order ;  be  called  on  indiscrimi- 
nately to  recite,  and  appear  together  at  the  public  exa- 
minations. 


CHAPTER  VII. 

OF   THE   BEHAVIOR  OF   THE  STUDENTS. 

1.  Every  Student  shall  conduct  himself  towards  the 
President  and  Professors  with  all  possible  respect ;  shall 
take  off  his  hat  whenever  he  meets  them  ;  and,  if  with- 
in the  College  enclosure,  shall  remain  uncovered  while 
he  speaks  to  them,  or  is  spoken  to  by  them. 

2.  Every  Student  shall  observe  the  strictest  decorum 
when  in  the  class,  neither  doing  nor  countenancing  any 


22 


thing  which  may  tend  to  'incommode  his  Teacher,  or 
divert  the  attention  of  his  fellow  students. 

3.  Every  Student,  when  sent  for  by  the  President,  shall 
attend  without  delay. 

4.  Every  Student,  v/hen  sent  for  by  any  of  the  Profes- 
sors, shall  attend  without  delay,  unless  it  be  at  the  hour 
appointed  for  any  of  the  lectures,  in  which  case  he  shall 
attend  as  soon  as  the  lecture  is  ended. 


CHAPTER  VIII. 

OF  CRIMES  AND  PUNISHMENTS. 

1.  If  any  Student  shall  neglect  his  studies  ;  or  shall 
interrupt  the  studies  of  any  other;  or  shall  disturb tne 
President,  or  any  of  the  Professors ;  or  shall,  in  any 
manner,  behave  indecently,  he  shall  be  admonished,  de- 
graded, suspended,  dismissed,  or  expelled,  according 
to  the  nature  and  aggravation  of  his  offence. 

2.  If  any  Student  shall  commence  any  professional 
study  during  his  academical  course,  he  shall  be  dismissed 
from  the  College. 

3.  If  any  Student  shall  be  guilty  of  profane  cursing  or 
swearing ;  or  be  intoxicated  with  liquor  ;  or  be  concerned 
in  any  riot ;  or  shall  strike  a  fellow  student ;  or  keep 
the  company  of  infamous  persons;  or  procure  a  private 
key  for  any  room  in  the  College ;  or  frequent  billiard 
rooms  ;  or  be  guilty  of  gambling,  or  of  any  other  known 
vice,  he  shall  be  admonished,  suspended,  dismissed,  or 
expelled,  according  to  the  nature  and  aggravation  of  his 
offence. 

4.  If  any  Student  contumaciously  resist  the  authority  of 


23 


the  President  and  Professors,  or  any  of  them,  he  may  be 
suspended,  dismissed,  or  expelled. 

5.  No  Student  who  shall  have  been  expelled,  or  twice 
dismissed,  shall  be  re-admitted. 

6.  Whenever  a  Student  shall  be  publicly  admonished, 
suspended,  dismissed,  or  expelled,  notice  shall  be  imme- 
diately given  to  his  Parents  or  Guardians. 


CHAPTER  IX. 

OF  THE   MODE   OF  PUNISHMENT. 

1.  Complaint  of  misdemeanor  in  a  Student  must  be 
made,  in  the  first  instance,  to  the  President,  who,  unless 
the  offence  be  so  flagrant  as,  in  his  judgment,  to  require  the 
interference  of  the  Board  of  the  College,  shall  privately  ad* 
monish  the  offender ;  and  upon  failure  of  success,  may,  in 
his  discretion,  bring  the  subject  before  the  Board. 

2.  A  Professor,  for  misconduct  in  his  presence,  may  cite 
the  offender  to  appear  before  the  Board. 

3.  The  punishments,  viz.  of  public  admonition,  suspen- 
sion, degradation,  dismission,  and  expulsion,  shall  be  in- 
flicted only  by  an  act  of  the  Board. 

4.  All  public  punishments  shall  be  according  to  a  writ- 
ten form,  prepared  by  the  President,  as  the  occasion  may 
require,  which  shall  be  read  in  the  Chapel  by  him,  or  his 
substitute,  and  shall  be  entered  in  the  Book  of  Discipline. 

5.  A  Student,  whom  it  may  be  necessary  to  bring  be- 
fore the  Board,  shall  have  due  notice  of  the  time  and  place 
of  their  meeting,  and  shall  be  allowed  to.  defend  himself. 

6.  When  a  charge  of  misconduct  shall  be  preferred 
against  a  Student,  the  Board  shall  have  power  to  require 
the  attendance  of  any  other  Student  as  a  witness. 


24 


7.  When  it  shall  appear  to  the  Board,  that  the  members 
of  a  class,  or  any  number  of  them,  have  entered  into  a 
combination,  in  order  to  avoid  collegiate  duties,  or  to  vio- 
late any  of  the  Statutes,  or  any  regulation  of  the  Board,  they 
may  be  proceeded  against,  by  punishing  any  one  or  more 
who  shall  be  found  among  the  number  of  those  who  have 
entered  into  combination  for  the  above  unlawful  purposes. 

8.  When  injury  has  been  done  to  the  buildings,  or  other 
property  of  the  Institution,  by  any  of  the  Students,  the 
Board  shall  have  power  to  impose  pecuniary  mulcts,  to 
the  extent  of  the  damage  committed,  upon  the  persons 
concerned,  or  any  of  them  ;  and,  if  unpaid,  to  render  an 
account  of  the  damage  to  the  Parents  or  Guardians  of 
such  Students,  and  in  case  of  their  neglect  or  refusal  to  pay 
the  same,  the  Board  may,  in  their  discretion,  suspend  any 
Student,  so  offending,  from  attendance  upon  the  lectures, 
until  such  fines  are  paid. 


CHAPTER  X. 

OF  EXAMINATIONS. 

1.  There  shall  be  two  examinations  of  all  the  classes 
every  year.  The  one  to  commence  on  the  first  Monday 
in  March,  and  the  other  on  the  first  Monday  in  July-  The 
latter  shall  be  the  concluding  examination  in  an  academi- 
cal year  ;  the  former  shall  be  called  the  intermediate  exami* 
nation* 

2.  The  examinations  shall  be  held  in  the  presence  of  the 
President,  the  Professors,  the  Students,  of  a  Committee  of 
the  Trustees,  and  of  such  other  persons  as  shall  choose  to 
attend. 

3.  Previous  to  the  intermediate  and  concluding  exami- 
nations, public  notice  shall  be  given,  in  two  of  the  daily 


25 


papers  published  in  the  city,  of  the  time  when  the  exami- 
nations are  to  commence.  And  the  Regents  of  the  Uni- 
versity, the  Trustees  of  the  College,  the  Parents  and 
Guardians  of  Students,  and  such  other  persons  as  the  Presi- 
dent may  think  proper  to  invite,  shall  be  requested  to  at- 
tend. 

4.  The  examinations  are  to  be  close  and  rigid  ;  every 
Student  being  left  to  stand  or  fall  upon  his  proper  merits  ; 
due  tenderness  being  at  the  same  time  shown,  that  the 
effects  of  perturbation  may  be  avoided  as  much  as  pos- 
sible. 

5.  At  the  concluding  examination,  the  board  may  ex^ 
elude  any  Student,  who  shall  have  been  deficient  in  the 
studies  of  the  preceding  year,  from  proceeding  to  a  higher 
class. 

6.  Students,  not  permitted  to  proceed  to  a  higher  class, 
shall  always  be  placed  at  the  bottom  of  the  class  to  which 
they  shall  be  adjudged. 

7.  A  Student,  not  permitted  to  proceed  to  the  next  high- 
er class,  may  be  allowed  to  take  the  lowest  place  therein, 
if,  at  the  intermediate  examination,  he  shall  appear  to  have 
made  up  his  deficiency ;  but  not  if  a  whole  year  shall  havo 
elapsed. 


CHAPTER  XL 
Of  testimonials  and  medals. 

1.  At  the  close  of  every  intermediate  examination,  a 

Testimonial  of  Merit,  decorated  with  the  seal  of  the  College, 

and  with  suitable  devices,  shall  be  awarded,  in  each  class, 

to  the  Student  who  shall  be  considered  by  the  Board  of  the 

College  as  of  the  best  general  standing ;  and  there  shall 
4 


26 


also  be  awarded  by  the  President,  and  the  Professor  of 
each  respective  department,  a  Special  Testimonial  to  the 
Student  of  the  best  standing  in  each  particular  department 
of  study,  exclusive  of  the  Student  receiving  the  general  tes- 
timonial. 

2.  The  testimonials  awarded  at  the  intermediate  exa- 
minations shall  be  publicly  announced,  and  delivered  by 
the  President  in  the  Chapel  of  the  College,  on  the  first  Mon- 
day in  April  in  each  year,  in  the  presence  of  the  Trustees, 
Faculty,  and  Students  of  the  College,  and  of  such  other 
persons  as  shall  attend  on  the  invitation  of  the  President ; 
after  which,  exercises  in  declamation  shall  be  exhibited  by 
not  less  than  two  students  in  each  class,  to  be  previously 
designated  by  the  President ;  those  of  the  senior  and  junior 
classes,  and  the  first  class  of  the  literary  and  scientific 
course,  shall  consist  of  their  own  compositions  in  the  En- 
glish language,  and  those  of  the  other  classes,  of  selected 
pieces  approved  by  the  President. 

3.  At  the  close  of  every  concluding  examination,  there 
shall  be  awarded,  in  each  class,  a  gold  medal  to  the  Student 
who  shall  be  considered  by  the  Board  of  the  College  as  of 
the  best  general  standing ;  and  there  shall  also  be  awarded 
by  the  President,  and  the  Professor  of  each  respective  de- 
partment, a  silver  medal  to  the  Student  of  the  best  standing, 
and  a  bronze  medal  to  the  Student  of  the  next  best  stand- 
ing in  each  particular  department  of  study,  exclusive  of  the 
Student  receiving  the  gold  medal. 

4.  The  Students  of  the  two  courses,  where  their  studies 
and  attendance  are  common,  shall  compete  together  for  the 
testimonials  and  medals  in  the  several  departments. 

5.  The  medals  awarded  at  the  concluding  examinations 
shall  be  announced  and  conferred  at  the  annual  Com- 
mencements ;  and  the  names  of  the  Students  entitled  to 


27 


them  shall,  by  appropriate  designations,  be  made  to  appear 
in  the  College  books,  and  also  in  the  printed  catalogues. 

6.  The  possessor  of  the  Gold  Medal,  or  General  Testi- 
monial, in  each  class,  shall  be  entitled  to  precedence  in  the 
seats,  and  in  the  catalogues,  and  those  of  inferior  medals, 
or  special  testimonials,  shall  be  entitled,  in  alphabetical 
order,  to  the  next  places ;  provided  that  those  Students 
who  shall  receive  more  than  one  honor  shall,  in  propor- 
tion to  the  numbers,  take  precedence  next  to  those  possess- 
ing the  general  honors.  The  other  Students,  in  each 
class,  shall  be  arranged  in  alphabetical  order. 


CHAPTER  XII. 

OF  COMMENCEMENTS. 

1.  There  shall  be  an  annual  commencement  on  the  day 
following  the  first  Monday  in  October,  when  academical 
degrees  and  testimonials  shall  be  conferred. 

2.  Previously  to  conferring  the  degrees  and  testimo- 
nials, public  exercises  shall  be  formed  by  the  Candidates, 
in  such  manner  as  the  Board  of  the  College  shall  direct. 

3.  No  Student  shall  be  admitted  to  the  degree  of  Bache- 
lor of  Arts,  unless,  besides  due  proficiency  in  his  studies, 
he  shall  compose  an  exercise  for  the  Commencement, 
which  shall  be  submitted  to  the  President ;  and  the  Stu- 
dent who  shall  refuse  or  neglect  to  adopt  the  corrections 
and  amendments  pointed  out  to  him,  or  who  shall  deliver 
his  oration,  or  exercise  for  the  day,  otherwise  than  is  ap- 
proved of  by  the  President,  shall  not  receive  his  degree. 

4.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  Board  to  designate  those 
who  are  to  speak,  and  also  to  assign  each  Speaker  his  res- 
pective part  on  Commencement  day  ;  and  any  Student 


28 


neglecting  or  refusing  to  perform  the  part  assigned  to  him, 
shall  not  receive  his  degree. 

5.  No  Alumnus  of  this  College  shall  obtain  the  degree  of 
Master  of  Arts  in  less  than  three  years  after  the  date  of  his 
first  diploma ;  nor  then,  unless  he  shall  have  made  such 
literary  progress  as,  in  the  judgment  of  the  Board,  shall 
entitle  him  thereto.  The  President  may  assign  to  one  or 
more  of  the  Alumni  of  the  College,  who  may  apply  for  a 
degree  of  Master  of  Arts,  such  orations  or  exercises  as  he 
may  deem  expedient ;  which  orations  or  exercises  shall  be 
delivered  the  last  in  the  order  of  the  day,  the  valedictory 
oration  excepted  ;  but  no  oration  or  exercise  shall  be  de- 
livered, unless  approved  of  by  the  President. 

6.  No  person  of  immoral  character  shall  be  admitted  to 
the  honors  of  this  College. 

7.  Each  candidate  for  the  degree  of  Bachelor,  or  Mas- 
ter of  Arts,  or  for  the  testimonial  in  the  literary  and  scien- 
tific course,  shall,  before  the  same  is  conferred,  pay  to  the 
Librarian  all  arrearages  of  dues  that  may  be  payable  from 
him  to  the  College ;  and  also  the  usual  fee  of  eight  dollars 
to  the  President,  for  conferring  such  degree  and  signing 
the  diploma  or  testimonial, 


CHAPTER  XIII. 

OF  VACATIONS. 

There  shall  be  a  vacation  of  all  the  classes  from  the 
last  day  of  July,  until  the  first  Monday  in  October ;  on 
which  day  the  regular  course  of  study  shall  commence. 
The  candidates  for  admission  shall  be  previously  examined. 

2.  There  shall  be  an  intermission  of  the  public  lectures 
on  the  4th  day  of  July,  and  from  the  24th  day  of  Decem- 
ber until  the  4th  day  of  January. 


29 


CHAPTER  XIV. 

OF  PUBLIC  LECTURES. 

1 .  Public  Lectureships  shall  be  established  in  the  fol- 
lowing departments,  viz. :  Greek  Literature,  Roman  Lite- 
rature, Oriental  Literature,  English  Literature,  Chemistry 
and  its  applications,  Mechanics  and  Machines,  Mineralogy 
and  Geology,  Architecture  and  Civil  Engineering,  Moral 
Philosophy,  Elocution,  the  Law  of  Nations,  the  Constitu- 
tional Jurisprudence  of  the  United  States,  Political  Eco- 
nomy, Mathematical  Science,  Experimental  Philosophy, 
Physical  and  Practical  Astrononry. 

2.  These  Lectures,  as  to  the  time  and  place  of  deli- 
very, shall  be  under  the  control  of  the  board  of  the  College 
and  shall  be  open  to  all  persons  as  shall  choose  to  attend. 
The  President  and  Professors  may,  at  their  option,  be  Lec- 
turers, and  the  other  Lecturers  may  be  appointed  by  the 
Board^of  Trustees.  The  Lecturers  shall  fix  and  receive 
the  fees  of  admission  to  their  respective  lectures. 


CHAPTER  XV. 

OF  FREE  SCHOLARSHIPS. 

1.  The  Corporation  of  the  City  of  New  York ;  the 
Trustees  of  the  New  York  Public  School  Society  ;  the 
Trustees  or  Directors  of  the  Clinton  Hall  Association ; 
of  the  Mercantile  Library  Association  ;  and  of  the  Mecha- 
nic and  Scientific  Institution;  the  General  Society  of  Me- 
chanics and  Tradesmen  of  the  City  of  New  York,  and  such 
other  Societies  as  the  Board  of  Trustees  may  from  time 
to  time  designate,  shall  each  be  entitled  to  have  always 


30 


two  Students  educated  iruhe  College  free  of  all  charges  of 
tuition. 

2.  Every  Religious  denomination  in  the  City  of  New 
York,  by  its  authorized  representatives,  shall  be  entitled  to 
have  always  one  Student,  who  may  be  designed  for  the  minis- 
try, educated  in  the  College  free  of  all  charges  of  tuition. 

3.  Every  School — except  the  Grammar  School  of  the 
College — from  which  there  shall  be  admitted  in  any  one 
year,  into  the  College,  four  Students,  shall  have  the  pri- 
vilege of  sending  one  Scholar,  to  be  educated  gratuitously, 
in  the  College.  The  nominations  to  this  Scholarship  shall 
be  made  by  the  Directors  or  Trustees  of  the  School,  or,  if 
there  be  no  Trustees  or  Directors,  by  the  Instructor  or  In- 
structors. 


CHAPTER  XVI. 

OF  FOUNDATIONS. 

1.  Any  person  or  persons  who  may  found  a  scholar- 
ship, to  the  amount  of  one  thousand  dollars,  shall  be  enti- 
tled to  have  one  Student  educated  in  the  College  free  of 
all  charges  of  tuition.  This  right  may  be  transferable 
to  others.  The  scholarship  shall  bear  such  name  as  the 
founder  or  founders  may  designate. 

2.  Any  Religious  denomination,  or  any  person  or  persons 
who  shall  endow  a  Professorship  in  the  Classics,  in  Politi- 
cal, Mathematical,  or  Physical  Science,  or  in  the  literature 
of  any  of  the  ancient  or  modern  Languages,  to  the 
amount  of  twenty  thousand  dollars,  shall  forever  have  the 
right  of  nominating  a  professor  for  the  same,  subject  to  the 
approbation  of  the  Board  of  Trustees,  who  shall  hold  his 
office  by  the  same  tenure  as  the  other  Professors  of  the 
College  ;  the  nomination  to  be  made  by  the  authorized  re- 


31 


presentatives  of  the  religious  community,  or  by  the  person 
or  persons  who  shall  make  the  endowment,  or  such  per- 
son or  persons  as  he  or  they  may  designate.  The  pro- 
ceeds of  the  endowment  shall  be  appropriated  to  the 
salary  of  the  Professor. 


EXTRACT  from  the  second  Report  of  a  Committee  appointed  to  inquire  in- 
to the  state  of  Columbia  College  ;  presented  to  the  Board  of  Trustees,  Feb- 
ruary 23th,  1810.—  (Referred  to  in  chap.  ii.  sec.  3.  p.  12.) 

"  It  appears  to  your  Committee,  that  the  primary  princi- 
ple of  all  sound  education,  viz.  :  the  evolution  of  faculty  and 
the  formation  of  habit,  although  deplorably  neglected  in 
most  seminaries,  ought  to  be  so  thoroughly  incorporated  in 
the  College  system,  and  even  amalgamated  with  its  very 
elements,  as  to  render  progress  through  the  classes,  with- 
out due  regard  to  it  by  both  Teacher  and  Pupil,  altogether 
impracticable.  If  the  plan  be  so  constructed  as  to  require 
ability  and  diligence,  the  want  of  either  of  these  qualifica- 
tions in  the  Teacher  will  betray  itself  in  the  embarrass- 
ment of  his  department ;  and  the  want  of  either  of  them  in 
the  Pupil  will  be  discovered  by  his  habitual  duties  which 
a  reasonable  share  of  both  would  have  fitted  him  to  per- 
form. Your  Committe  cannot,  for  a  moment,  suppose, 
that  it  is  the  intention  of  the  Board  to  try  that  most  fruitless 
and  mischievous  experiment — the  experiment  of  educating 
either  the  naturally  stupid  or  the  incurably  idle.  A  volume 
could  not  display  the  magnitude  of  the  injuries  indicted 
upon  letters,  upon  religion,  upon  morals,  upon  social  pros- 
perity under  every  form,  through  the  protection  granted 
to  incapacity  and  sloth,  by  a  timid  indulgence,  or  a  chi- 
merical hope.  It  is  therefore  indispensable,  that  the  pub- 
lic should  see,  and  youth  themselves  feel,  that  future  Stu- 


32 


dents  must  both  have  faculties  to  cultivate,  and  industry 
to  labor  in  their  cultivation,  or  that  Columbia  College 
will  be  no  place  for  them. 

"  With  a  sufficient  reserve  for  improvements,  which  the 
vigilance  of  skilful  Instructors  may  point  out  in  the  prac- 
tical details,  your  Committee  think  that  there  ought  to  be 
an  undeviating  adherence  to  the  following  principles,  and 
their  general  application : 

"  1.  Exactness.  By  which  is  understood,  the  learning, 
perfectly,  whatever  is  professed  to  be  learned  at  all. 

"  This  can  never  be  attained  without  patience — cau- 
sing the  subject  to  pass  and  repass,  in  close  and  frequent 
examination,  till  it  become  familiar,  and  leave  an  indeli- 
ble impression  on  the  mind.  The  exciting  of  such  a  habit 
of  attention,  as  it  is  the  first  duty,  so  it  is  the  greatest 
difficulty  and  the  most  important  victory  of  an  able  Teach- 
er, and  the  cardinal  secret  of  sound  education.  To  pro- 
duce it,  he  must  insist,  peremptorily  and  inexorably,  upon 
exactness.  His  Pupils  will  shrink,  they  will  solicit,  they 
will  complain  ;  they  may  feel  a  momentary  despondence  ; 
but  there  is  an  elasticity  in  youth  which  cannot  be  de- 
pressed ;  and  a  generosity  which  the  firmness  of  authority, 
softened  by  a  well  adapted  soothing,  Can  work  up  to 
astonishing  efforts.  This  observation  is  fully  verified  in  the 
history  of  the  great  Schools  in  England,  where  accuracy  is 
never  dispensed  with.  The  contrary  course  terminates  in 
the  worst  effects.  Let  a  lad  *  get  along,'  as  the  phrase  is, 
*  pretty  well' — let  his  ideas  on  a  point,  or  his  acquain- 
tance with  a  subject,  which  he  is  required  to  master,  be 
only  general  and  confused  — let  him  conjecture,  where  he 
should  be  certain ;  let  his  Preceptor  almost  put  the  an- 
swer into  his  mouth,  when  he  hardly  knows  which  way  to 
guess — and  he  is  bribed  to  intellectual  sloth  ;  the  season 
in  which  he  should  fix  habits  of  discrimination,  as  well 


33 


as  of  prompt  acquisition,  passes  by  ;  and  though  he  bring 
to  the  College  good  native  powers,  he  will  leave  it  with 
a  mind  inert  and  unproductive.  Let  the  idea,  then,  of  a 
medium  between  scholarship  and  no  scholarship,  be  for 
ever  banished.  Let  the  ideas  of  doing  a  thing,  and  do- 
ing it  well,  be  identified  in  the  minds  of  both  Professor  and 
Student ;  and  let  the  doing  a  thing  by  halves,  be  equiva- 
lent with  not  doing  it  at  all. 

"  2.  Punctuality.  By  which  your  Committee  mean,  that 
the  performance  of  all  exercises  should  be  limited  to  a  cer- 
tain time  and  then  be  rigorously  exacted.  The  Teacher 
will,  of  course,  take  care  that  they  be  both  reasonable  and 
sufficient.  Under  these  conditions  nothing  but  physical  im- 
possibility, or  such  a  hindrance  as  cannot  be  at  all  refer- 
red to  indolence  or  evasion,  should  excuse  for  non-per- 
formance. Exactness  is  not  to  be  expected  without  pain- 
ful labor.  Labor  will  not  be  regular  and  ardent  without 
the  hard  pressure  of  necessity.  Let  it  be  ascertained  that 
there  is  Ao  escape  ;  that  the  thing  must  be  done,  and  it  ivill 
be  done.  Such  an  urgency  upon  the  mind  disarms  temp- 
tations to  trifling,  and  often  to  vice ;  keeps  it  bent  on  the  pe- 
riod and  the  matter  of  duty  ;  throws  it  into  a  strong  action, 
and,  perhaps,  which  is  still  better,  into  a  sort  of  agony  ; 
hence  spring  the  finest,  the  most  magnificent  effusions  of 
human  genius.  There  exists  no  more  fatal  enemy  to  dili- 
gence, improvement,  and  excellence,  than  the  persuasion 
that '  there  is  time  enough.' 

"  3.  Progression.  By  which  your  Committee  would  ex- 
press a  gradation  of  exercises,  from  easier  and  shorcer, 
to  more  difficult  and  ample,  according  to  the  power  of 
performance. 

"  During  the  whole  course  of  education,  the  youthful  fa- 
culties are  to  be  kept  upon  the  stretch.    As  they  develop 

themselves,  and  gain  strength,  they  are  to  be  employed  in 
5 


34 


work  demanding  severer  tension,  and  more  dauntless 
vigor.  As  in  mathematical  science  every  preceding  pro- 
position is  an  instrument  in  the  demonstration  of  those 
which  follow  ;  so,  in  all  the  branches  of  education,  every 
thing  which,  before  being  learned,  is  an  end,  becomes,  when 
learned,  a  means,  and  is  to  be  applied,  in  its  turn,  to  the  re- 
moter and  abtruser  investigations.  On  no  account,  there- 
fore, ought  Students  in  the  more  advanced  classes,  to  spend 
their  time  in  those  elementary  studies  which  occupy  begin- 
ners. It  is  the  impoverishment  of  intellect — it  is  a  waste 
of  life  —  it  never  can  be  necessary,  unless  the  necessity  be 
created  by  some  mismanagement  in  the  system. 

"In  conformity  with  these  general  principles,  it  is  the 
conviction  of  your  Committee,  that  the  hours  spent  by  the 
classes  with  the  Professors  should  be  chiefly  devoted  to 
examination.  It  is  the  duty  of  the  Professor  to  use  his  in- 
formation not  so  much  for  the  purpose  of  displaying  it  be- 
fore his  pupils,  as  to  direct  and  assist  them  in  getting  infor- 
mation for  themselves — to  employ  his  sagacity  and  ad- 
dress in  eliciting  their  faculties,  and  inuring  them  to  the 
habit  of  thinking.  The  experience  of  different  countries 
has  shown,  that  regular  attendance  upon  lectures,  and 
profound  admiration  of  the  lecturer,  are  perfectly  compa- 
tible with  ignorance,  with  laziness,  and  with  stupidity.  If, 
as  Dr.  Goldsmith  observes,  there  are  many  authors  who 
*  write  through  a  volume  without  thinking  through  a  page,' 
there  are  also  innumerable  instances  of  youth  going  through 
a  four  years'  course,  and,  as  it  is  absurdly  styled,  *  finishing 
their  education,'  without  having  their  powers,  even  for  once, 
put  fairly  to  the  test. 

"In  acting  upon  the  plans  suggested  by  your  Committee, 
the  instructions  of  the  Professors  should  be  adjusted  to 
each  other,  so  far  as  the  nature  of  their  respective  branches 
shall  permit.  This  can  be  done  to  great  extent  and  advan- 


35 


tage  by  the  Professor  of  Rhetoric  and  Belles  Lettres,  and 
the  Professor  of  Languages.  The  classical,  which  are  the 
principal  studies  in  both  our  own  and  the  learned  tongues, 
are  natural  allies,  and  easily  associated.  The  Professor  of 
Languages  should  point  out,  elucidate,  and  endeavor  to 
make  his  pupils  understand,  those  unrivalled  specimens  of 
taste,  of  eloquence,  and  of  wisdom,  with  which  the  ancient 
writers  abound.  And  the  Professor  of  Rhetoric  and  Belles 
Lettres  should  refer  for  examples  to  those  writers  particu- 
larly who  are  studied  under  the  Professor  of  Languages, 
comparing  them  with  each  other,  with  the  best  writers  in 
our  own  language,  and  especially  with  the  inspired  writings. 
To  exemplify : 

"  When  there  occurs  in  the  lesson  of  the  day  a  splendid 
description,  the  Student  must  be  taught  to  mark  the  selec- 
tion of  circumstances — the  order  of  arrangement — the 
grouping  of  images  —  the  choice  of  words. 

"When  there  occurs  a  fine  and  spirited  criticism,  as  in 
every  page  of  Longinus,  10  thoroughly  comprehend  his 
sense,  and  to  trace  the  correspondence  between  his  princi- 
ples and  his  illustrations. 

"  When  there  occurs  an  instance  of  able  disquisition,  as 
in  the  Orations  of  Demosthenes,  the  Student  should  be 
obliged  not  only  to  translate  his  words,  but  to  analyze  his 
argument.  The  same  principles,  properly  modified,  should 
pervade  the  whole  course. 

"  Your  Committee  are  sensible,  that  this  method  is  not 
caculated  to  impart  immediate  eclat  to  the  Professors;  but 
they  are  equally  sensible,  that  it  will  render  the  College 
incomparably  more  useful  than  she  has  ever  been;  and 
that  it  will  eventually  shed  lustre  upon  both  those  who 
teach  and  those  who  learn. 

"  They  are  also  sensible,  that  it  requires  no  ordinary 
degree  of  understanding,  of  dignity,  of  taste,  of  diligent 


36 


and  patient  labor  in  the  Professors  ;  but  they  judge  alsoj 
that  no  exertion  is  too  arduous,  and  no  sacrifice  too  costly, 
to  insure  the  highest  display  of  these  professional  virtues. 

"Your  Committee  consider  the  course  of  instruction, 
according  to  the  preceding  views,  to  be,  in  reality,  the 
discipline  of  the  College  ;  but  they  feel  the  necessity  of 
some  strong  motives  to  enforce  compliance  on  the  part  of  the 
Students.  These  motives  they  conceive  to  be  all  comprised 
in  that  broad  principle — appeal  to  a  sense  of  character. 

"  For  giving  to  this  appeal  its  just  influence,  they  are  of 
opinion,  that  the  system  of  examination  should  be  improved, 
and  should  be  accompanied  with  certain  coercions  which 
operate  upon  effort  through  the  imagination. 

"  The  improvement  which  they  would  suggest,  consists 
chiefly  in  rendering  the  examinations,  especially  the  one 
which  closes  an  academical  year,  most  solemn  and  splen- 
did. So  that  the  figure  which  a  youth  makes  shall  be 
exhibited,  and  the  rank  which  he  deserves,  shall  be 
proclaimed,  under  circumstanses  the  most  impressive  and 
interesting  to  his  mind.  To  effect  this  end,  it  is  requisite 
that  he  and  not  his  Preceptor,  draw  the  attention  of  the 
assembly — whether  he  stand  or  fall,  absolutely  upon  his 
own  merits;  and  without  impairing  the  tenderness  proper 
toward  an  agitated,  which  is  frequently  the  noblest,  spirit, 
that  both  the  aid  and  the  reproofs  common  and  needful  in 
the  stated  class,  be  entirely  withdrawn.  The  bare  expec- 
tation of  such  an  analysis  of  his  capacity  and  acquirement, 
will  more  powerfully  affect  him,  and  be  a  more  regular  and 
efficient  stimulus,  than  all  the  fines  which  have  ever  been 
incurred.  But  it  will  be  necessary  to  go  a  step  further,, 
and  deepen  the  impressions  to  be  thus  produced,  by 
adequate  rewards  and  punishments.    These  may  be, 

"  1.  Promotion  fromone class  to  another.  The  rule  to  be, 
that  no  Student  shall,  upon  any  consideration,  be  allowed 


37 


to  advance  from  a  lower  to  a  higher  class,  without  being 
master  of  the  previous  studies. 

"Your  Committee  hold  this  rule  to  be  of  unspeakable 
moment.  The  practice  of  carrying  boys  along,  year  after 
year,  as  a  matter  of  course,  without  regard  to  their  im- 
provement, or  with  so  slight  a  regard  to  it,  as  proves,  in 
fact,  to  be  merely  nominal,  is  worse  than  trifling.  It  is 
the  death-blow  to  solid  education,  and  the  destruction  of 
unnumbered  youth.  Nothing  but  ignorance  or  disregard 
of  the  springs  of  human  action,  will  engender,  or  will 
embrace  the  notion,  that  a  just  ardor  and  emulation  can 
be  excited  or  maintained,  when  the  idler  and  the  block- 
head are  linked  with  the  lad  of  industry  and  talent,  during 
a  four  years'  probation,  and,  at  the  end  of  it,  are  admitted 
alike  to  academical  honors.  To  produce  and  preserve 
such  ardor  and  emulation,  a  strong  distinction  must  be 
instituted  and  kept  up  between  those  Students  who  acquit 
themselves  well,  and  those  who  acquit  themselves  ill. 
The  tause  of  deficiency  (which  does  not  include  'perturba- 
tion arising  from  awe  and  anxiety)  is,  in  the  judgment  of 
your  Committee,  perfectly  immaterial.  The  object  of  the 
College  is  to  educate.  Studies  which  precede,  are  only 
an  introduction  to  studies  which  follow.  Her  course  must 
be  conducted  on  the  assumption  that  they  are  mastered 
in  their  place.  Whether  it  be  from  incapacity,  from  negli- 
gence, from  dislike,  from  absence,  from  sickness,  the 
want  of  preliminary  acquisition  must  effectually  preclude 
access  to  a  higher  class.  Even  the  case  which  most  ex- 
cites commiseration  and  pleads  for  indulgence,  viz., 
deficiency  occasioned  by  sickness,  should  have  no  influ- 
ence upon  the  rule  or  upon  its  execution.  The  general 
fact  is  the  same;  and  a  boy's  unfitness  is  not  the  less 
unfit  because  it  was  his  misfortune  to  have  been  sick.  If 
the  spirit  of  the  course  be  cherished,  he  cannot  get  on  in  a 


38 


superior  class  without  a  pressure  which,  instead  of  only- 
urging  him,  may  crush  him  altogether.  It  would  be 
absurd  tenderness  to  break  him  down  with  mental  labor, 
because  he  has  already  been  broken  down  by  the  hand  of 
disease  ;  not  to  insist  that  the  exception  itself  is  liable  to 
extensive  abuse.  The  board  will  demand  no  proof  that  it 
is  a  very  possible  thing  for  a  lad  to  get  sick  in  order  to 
save  his  reputation.  Advancement,  therefore,  from  one 
class  to  another,  must  be,  in  itself,  an  argument  and  a 
reward  of  merit.  This  association,  in  the  minds  of  both 
the  Pupil  and  the  Public,  appears  to  your  Committee  to  be 
of  essential  moment,  insomuch  as,  without  it,  the  force  of 
other  inducements  will  be  impaired  ;  and  if  the  rule  which 
is  to  create  it  be  broken  through,  the  College  will  inevita- 
bly relapse.  The  chief  difficulty  may  be  anticipated  in 
the  end  of  the  first,  or  Freshman  year.  But  this  will 
probably  be  far  greater  in  prospect  than  in  experience. 
For  if  the  statute  respecting  admission  be  faithfully  en- 
forced, such  a  mass  of  natural  incompetency  will  be 
excluded,  as  to  leave,  comparatively,  but  little  further 
obstruction  which  shall  not  arise  from  negligence.  And 
the  examination  at  the  expiration  of  the  first  half  year,  will 
be  an  admonition  which  shall  render  the  offender  without 
excuse. 

"  As  an  appendage  to  this  rule,  your  Committee  would 
observe,  that  a  practice,  of  which  an  example  is  stated  in 
the  Report  of  the  Faculty  of  Arts  to  this  Board  on  the  14th 
instant,  viz.,  the  allowing  boys  to  attend  and  study  along 
with  a  class  they  were  unfit  to  enter,  with  a  view  of 
qualifying  themselves  for  entrance  at  a  subsequent  exami- 
nation, must  be  absolulely  interdicted.  The  impropriety 
is  so  glaring,  that  your  Committee  are  surprised  it  ever 
should  have  existed.  For  it  is  self-evident,  that,  if  these 
extra-students  can  go  along  with  the  class,  they  were  not 


39 

unfit  for  entrance  ;  and  if  they  were  unfit  for  entrance, 
they  cannot  go  along  with  the  class.  Either,  then,  the 
studies  of  the  class  must  be  lowered  to  them,  or  they  must 
be  put  to  studies  to  which,  by  the  very  terms  of  the  repre- 
sentation, they  are  unequal.  In  the  one  case,  they  are 
sacrificed  to  the  class,  in  the  other,  which  is  still  worse, 
the  class  is  sacrificed  to  them  ;  and  if  this  double  classifi- 
cation be  permitted,  a  principle  is  sanctioned  which  will 
speedily  evade  every  possible  precaution. 

"  2.  Promotion  in  the  class,  which  may  take  place  both 
at  the  intermediate  examination,  and  at  the  close  of  the 
academical  year. 

"  The  principle  to  be  chiefly  regarded  in  all  criminal  ju- 
risprudence, is  less  the  severity,  than  the  certainly  of  pun- 
ishment. A  Student  should,  therefore,  know,  that  dispen- 
sation with  academical  law,  or  connivance  at  escape  from 
merited  censure,  are  out  of  the  question." 


iEx  IGtbrts 


SEYMOUR  DURST 


When  you  leave,  please  leave  this  hook 

Because  it  has  heen  said 
"Ever'thing  comes  t'  him  who  waits 

Except  a  loaned  hook." 


Avery  Architectural  and  Fine  Arts  Library 
Gift  of  Seymour  B.  Durst  Old  York  Library 

